General and Environmental aspects of development :- Physical and Motor , Cognitive (Paige and burner) social and emotional (Erickson ) & moral (Piaget , Kholberg )

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General and Environmental aspects of development 

( Physical , Motor , Cognitive ,Social ,  Emotional & Moral )




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Chapter -2 Biological classification

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  Biological classification is the scientific procedure of arranging organisms into groups and subgroups on the basis of their similarities and dissimilarities and placing the group in a hierarchy of categories. Importance of classification :-  It is not possible to study every organism. Study of one or two organism of a group gives sufficient information about the essential features of the group. It helps in identification of new organism. Classification helps in knowing the relationship amongst different groups of organisms. The organism of past cannot be studied without a proper system of classification. Classification :-  (i)Artificial system of classification (ii)Natural system of classification (iii)Phylogenetic system of classification (i)Artificial system of classification- Only one or two morphological characters for grouping of organism is used. Flowering and non-flowering plants, enaima and anaima. Aristotle classification. (ii)Natural system of classification- Takes into
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Biosystematics ( importance and application)

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              Biosystematics  (importance and application) The classification of organisms based on their evolutionary history and establishing their phylogeny on the totality of various parameters from all fields of studies Biosystematics is the classification of organisms based on the study of the genetic evolution of plant and animal populations. It thus, considers the evolutionary history of these organisms and establishes their phylogeny on the totality of various parameters from all fields of studies.  The classification of organisms based on observable traits such as broad morphological characters, is a part of phenetic classification. The identification and arrangement of organisms based on cytological (cellular) characteristics is called cytotaxonomy.
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