Question paper

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 Internal examination semester 1 B.ed Question paper :- 

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Page :- 2






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Chapter -2 Biological classification

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  Biological classification is the scientific procedure of arranging organisms into groups and subgroups on the basis of their similarities and dissimilarities and placing the group in a hierarchy of categories. Importance of classification :-  It is not possible to study every organism. Study of one or two organism of a group gives sufficient information about the essential features of the group. It helps in identification of new organism. Classification helps in knowing the relationship amongst different groups of organisms. The organism of past cannot be studied without a proper system of classification. Classification :-  (i)Artificial system of classification (ii)Natural system of classification (iii)Phylogenetic system of classification (i)Artificial system of classification- Only one or two morphological characters for grouping of organism is used. Flowering and non-flowering plants, enaima and anaima. Aristotle classification. (ii)Natural system of classificati...
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Minor Phyla : Entoprocta

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Minor Phyla : Entoprocta Sessile  Body of calyx and slender. Digestive tube U shaped  Mostly marine. Mouth and anus close together, surrounded by tentacular crown. Entoprocta Temporal range:  Early Cambrian–Recent   PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N [1] [2] Barentsia discreta Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Clade : ParaHoxozoa Clade : Bilateria Clade : Nephrozoa (unranked): Protostomia (unranked): Spiralia Superphylum: Lophotrochozoa Clade : Lophophorata Phylum: Entoprocta Nitsche , 1870
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Origin of Bilateria

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 Origin of Bilateria                                        First meta zones are very likely to radial animals Believed that bilateral symmetry evolved in radical ancestor when it is started creeping There are several theories given by many scientists for the Bilateria symmetrical animals are as follows:- 1.Ctenophore polyclad Theroy  :-  Ctenophores provided a a bridge or intermediate forms between                 radiate coelonterate and ancestors  and bilateral polyclad flat warms. Based on resemblance:- Oval flat and shaped with dorsal ventral differentiation Creeping on entire ventral surface Presence of two dorsal tentacles Centrally located ventral mouth Radiating, anastomosing nervous system Swimming larval stages of polycalds have eight ciliated lobes and comparable  to 8 comb rows of ctenophore  Limitations:- ...
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